Insertion of Temporary Dialysis Catheter
What is a Temporary Dialysis Catheter?
A temporary dialysis catheter provides immediate vascular access for short-term hemodialysis, often in emergency situations such as acute kidney injury (AKI) or fluid overload. It is typically inserted into a large central vein to enable rapid treatment.
Common Insertion Sites
✅ Internal Jugular Vein (Neck) – Preferred site for ease of access and lower infection risk.
✅ Femoral Vein (Groin) – Used when neck access is not feasible, but has a higher infection risk.
✅ Subclavian Vein (Chest) – Occasionally used but has a risk of stenosis (vein narrowing).
Procedure for Temporary Dialysis Catheter Insertion
- Vein Identification: Selection of the appropriate central vein based on patient condition and accessibility.
- Ultrasound Guidance: Used to precisely locate the vein and ensure safe insertion.
- Sterile Insertion: A guidewire is placed, followed by catheter insertion under sterile conditions.
- Position Confirmation: Imaging, such as an X-ray, confirms proper catheter placement.
- Securement & Care: The catheter is secured, flushed, and dressed to minimize risks of infection or thrombosis.
Key Features of Temporary Dialysis Catheters
✔ Immediate Hemodialysis Access – Enables urgent treatment for kidney failure. ✔ Dual Lumen Design – One lumen draws blood for filtration, the other returns filtered blood. ✔ Short-Term Use – Designed for temporary use until permanent access (e.g., AV fistula) is available.
When is a Temporary Dialysis Catheter Needed?
- Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requiring urgent dialysis.
- Severe fluid overload unresponsive to other treatments.
- Toxin removal in cases of poisoning or drug overdose.
- Emergency dialysis initiation before a permanent access is established.
Risks & Considerations
⚠ Infection Risk – Requires strict hygiene and catheter care.
⚠ Thrombosis (Clot Formation) – Can obstruct blood flow if not properly flushed.
⚠ Vein Damage & Stenosis – Subclavian placement may increase this risk.
Conclusion
A temporary dialysis catheter is a critical solution for emergency hemodialysis, ensuring immediate blood filtration when permanent access is not available. However, it is a short-term solution and should be replaced with a more durable vascular access, such as an arteriovenous fistula or graft, for long-term dialysis support.
